BIOPHILIC DESIGN: Creating Green Buildings for Life (Part 1)

 

Living room biophilic design idea with direct and indirect nature contact.
(AI generated Photo by Architalktural, copyrighted)

Recent scientific studies are increasingly demonstrating that nature-based interventions are a powerful tool for enhancing health. Designers, architects, and urban planners must take advantage of the opportunity to cultivate a deeper connection between individuals and nature by seamlessly integrating the built environment with natural elements. Our bond with nature is not just a modern notion; it has been ingrained in human evolution for centuries.

Part 1: Defining Biophilic Design 

OBJECTIVE

When dealing with challenging topics like these, I often turn to the thesis works submitted by aspiring master's and doctoral students at universities. These works typically involve significant time and effort in analysis. They are not just research papers; they include substantial scientific studies conducted by the authors themselves, often featuring specific surveys that interview individuals relevant to the subject matter. In this blog, I have referenced three such works that I consider reliable and applicable in real-world contexts. Additionally, since these authors have already reviewed the books they referenced, we can simply draw insights from their findings. As usual, I will also incorporate my own personal insights based on my work experiences and education, resulting in a comprehensive package for your reading enjoyment.This blog will be another mini-series. Not sure how many episodes it will take but since this is another broad topic to discuss, perhaps two to three.

Similar to my previous blogs related to green buildings designed for occupant’s comfort:

• HARNESSING THE SUN: THE ROLE OF NATURAL LIGHTING IN SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN

• ENHANCING INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN GREEN BUILDINGS

I am sharing my insights in a very casual and accessible language engaging both practitioners, students, and those non-techies, encouraging a broader appreciation for this very valuable subject matter. So, stay with us; no time machine this time, but seat belts are still required as we will be navigating the jungles of Amazon! Enjoy the ride...

DEFINITION OF TERMS:

It would be just a good practice to begin with defining the key-words first that would also define the significant subject matter of the discussion.

Biophilia:

Below is an excerpt from the definitions provided by Wikipedia. However, the term they used is “Biophilia hypothesis.”

"Biophilia" is an innate affinity of life or living systems. The term was first used by Erich Fromm to describe a psychological orientation of being attracted to all that is alive and vital. Wilson uses the term in a related sense when he suggests that biophilia describes "the connections that human beings subconsciously seek with the rest of life." He proposed the possibility that the deep affiliations humans have with other life forms and nature as a whole are rooted in our biology. Both positive and negative (including phobic) affiliations toward natural objects (species, phenomenon) as compared to artificial objects are evidence for biophilia.

Personal Insight:

The theory of biophilia presents a compelling multi-disciplinary framework for understanding our fundamental need for nature and the many ways we seek to connect with the natural world. Erich Fromm spoke of a "passionate love of life," yet Edward O. Wilson's concept of biophilia goes beyond this simple affection. Biophilia encompasses our essential physical, emotional, and intellectual ties to nature and natural processes. This vital connection is not just a preference; it is a necessity for human development that nurtures our appreciation for nature's rich diversity. Furthermore, our innate drive to engage with the natural environment significantly influences crucial aspects of our lives, including our intellectual growth, emotional connections, aesthetic appreciation, creativity, and imagination. Embracing biophilia can transform our well-being and enrich our experiences.

Biophilic Design:

Wikipedia says:

Biophilic design is a concept used within the building industry to increase occupant connectivity to the natural environment through the use of direct nature, indirect nature, and space and place conditions. Used at both the building and city-scale, it is argued that biophilic design offers health, environmental, and economic benefits for building occupants and urban environments, with few drawbacks. Although its name was coined in recent history, indicators of biophilic design have been seen in architecture from as far back as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. While the design features that characterize Biophilic design were all traceable in preceding sustainable design guidelines, the new term sparked wider interest and lent academic credibility.

Dining room with indirect nature applied.
(Photo by Architalktural, copyrighted)

Personal Insight:

I found the way Wikipedia defines Biophilic Design here is quite straight forward and I would not delve too much into elaborating on this, however, a certain portion just caught my attention. It’s the “direct nature” and the “indirect nature.” “Direct nature” refers to the human being’s tangible contact or experience with nature while inhabiting the building such as light, air, water, plants, etc.; while “indirect nature” refers to contact with images and or representations of nature such as paintings and photos, natural materials, colors, etc.

Additional Definitions:

On the term “Biophilia Hypothesis,” Wikipedia has another approach in defining “Biophilic Design.” It says:

In architecture, biophilic design is a sustainable design strategy that incorporates reconnecting people with the natural environment. It may be seen as a necessary complement to green architecture, which decreases the environmental impact of the built world but does not address human reconnection with the natural world.

Caperna and Serafini define biophilic design as that kind of architecture, which is able to supply our inborn need of connection to life and to the vital processes. Biophilic space has been defined as the environment that strengthens life and supports the sociological and psychological components.These spaces can have positive health effects on people including reducing mental health issues in stressful spaces such as prisons, reducing chronic pain, Improving memory, and lowering blood pressure. Examples of this being studied in medical settings include having a window looking out to see living plants is also shown to help speed up the healing process of patients in hospitals. Similarly, having plants in the same room as patients in hospitals also seeds up their healing process.

Personal Insight:

To sum it all up, I just found that the easiest way and the most “non-techie” definition I could provide my “non-techie” audience is that, biophilic design is simply designing our buildings in such a way that we bring the occupants closer to nature. I would say that in this instance, we as the designers should not create walls thinking of it as separators or boundaries between human-being and nature. If we could not bring the plants inside the building for some reasons, perhaps we could design windows where outdoor plants can be seen. Direct or indirect nature, either way would be effective in the realm of sustainable built environment.

ABSTRACT:

After we have defined the key-words in this profound topic, which is our introductory episode, we can expect more about bophilic design on the succeeding episodes such as its benefits, elaborations on direct and indirect nature, supporting organizations, criticisms, examples (exploring the thesis I have mentioned), among many others.

FINAL THOUGHTS

Experts agree that access to nature is crucial for fostering health and well-being. To strengthen this vital connection, we can utilize a framework known as biophilic design. This innovative approach blends organic and vernacular design principles into both interior and exterior architecture. By integrating biophilic design into green building projects, we can nurture a positive relationship between people and their surroundings, ultimately enhancing our health and overall quality of life.

Ar J CASTANEDA

Architect, Sustainable Architecture

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CITATIONS:

Biophilia Hypothesis (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophilia_hypothesis

Biophilic Design (Wikipedia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophilic_design

PHOTO ATTRIBUTION

All photos are original copyrighted by Architalktural, all rights reserved.

HOW TO DETERMINE HOME FEATURES: Terrace, Balcony, Veranda, Porch, Patio, and Lanai

 

PATIO

In today's fast-paced world, families are increasingly drawn to a biophilic lifestyle, a refreshing shift from past norms. Regardless of their surroundings, people are craving a connection to nature within their homes. This desire has led to a significant trend in modern architectural design: the seamless integration of plants into interior spaces. With the rise of innovative green building principles, several studies are underway to deepen our ties to nature. Designers and homeowners are recognizing that the most inviting spaces for plants are often the most serene - verandas, balconies, terraces, porches, lanais, and patios serve as perfect canvases for greenery. By embracing these natural elements, we can transform our living environments into harmonious sanctuaries that invigorate and soothe our overall well-being.

OBJECTIVE

The challenge we face is understanding the differences among various architectural elements. How can we guide our clients in deciding which features to include in their floor plans? These are crucial questions I intend to explore in this article. While I've come across several articles on the topic, most only delve into two or three comparisons. My Facebook posts often focus on just one or two subjects, and some audience members have expressed curiosity about “lanai” and “porch,” while I am emphasizing other elements. To address these inquiries, why not take the opportunity to combine all six elements into a thorough comparative analysis? Although I can’t capture everything in a single Facebook post, this extensive blog will provide valuable insights for clients and readers. It will empower them to make informed choices based on their unique needs and preferences, making it an essential read for anyone looking to enhance their living space.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Of course, the best way to approach this is to delve into the definitions first. Here's a simplified definition and images of each of the architectural elements listed: terrace, balcony, veranda, porch, patio, and lanai. These are all outdoor or semi-outdoor living spaces, but they differ in location, structure, coverage, and use.

A ROOFTOP TERRACE

Terrace A flat, open, usually paved area either on the ground or on a rooftop, used for leisure or entertainment. Often attached to a building but can also be freestanding. BALCONY Balcony A small platform projecting from the wall of a building, typically above the ground floor, enclosed by a railing or balustrade, and accessed from an upper floor. VERANDA Veranda A roofed platform within a house, typically found in warmer climates, usually located at ground level, often serves as an extension of the living room, being either partially enclosed or open. PORCH Porch A covered area at the entrance, sides, or back of a house, often enclosed partially or fully, serving as a transition space between indoors and outdoors. PATIO Patio A paved outdoor area adjoined or apart from a house, usually at ground level, used for relaxation or recreation. Typically uncovered. LANAI Lanai A Hawaiian term for a covered outdoor space or porch, often larger than a veranda, and may be fully or partially enclosed with screens or windows.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS TABLE

Feature	Terrace	Balcony	Veranda	Porch	Patio	Lanai
Location	Ground level or rooftop	Upper floor, projecting	Ground level, along front/back	At the entrance, sides, or back	Ground level, adjoining	Ground level, attached to the home
Covered?	Optional	Sometimes	Usually covered	Always covered	Usually not covered	Usually covered, sometimes enclosed
Enclosed?	No	Yes (with railing)	Partially or open.	Partially or fully	No	Often screened or glass-enclosed
Size	Medium to large	Small	Medium to large	Small to medium	Medium to large	Medium to large
Accessed from	Indoors or outdoors	Upper-floor room	Ground-floor room	Main front door, sides or back	Indoors or outdoors	Indoors (living room/kitchen)
Purpose	Entertainment, lounging	Private sitting/view	Socializing, relaxing	Entryway greeting space, relaxing	Relaxing, recreation	Leisure, dining, indoor-outdoor living
Climate Use	All climates	All climates	Warm climates	All climates	All climates	Tropical or warm climates

KEY DIFFERENCES

• Balcony vs. Terrace: Balcony is elevated and projecting, while a terrace is flat and can be at ground or rooftop level.

• Porch vs. Veranda: Both are covered and at ground level, but a veranda typically at one side of a building, while a porch is at the front or back entrance.

• Veranda vs. Lanai: A lanai is a regional variant (Hawaiian) of a veranda, often more enclosed and used year-round; while a veranda frequently used occasionally.

• Patio vs. Terrace: A patio is at ground level and usually uncovered, while a terrace may be elevated or roof-based and is often larger.

• Lanai vs. Patio: A lanai is typically covered and possibly enclosed, while a patio is open-air and rarely enclosed.

FINAL THOUGHTS

Now that we have reached a verdict, it is a privilege for you to form your own judgment. What are your personal needs? What is your lifestyle like? Then, make your selection. As an architect, I prioritize human connection over technology to truly understand my clients' needs. I encourage my clients to make their choices first, after which my role is to advise them on whether their choice is the best one or to suggest a better alternative based on my expertise. Regardless of the choice made, the designer’s primary concern will always be the client’s comfort and satisfaction for a lasting, sustainable living experience.

Ar J CASTANEDA

Architect, Sustainable Architecture

Link in account for architectural works.

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PHOTO ATTRIBUTIONS

ALL PHOTOS POSTED IN THIS ARTICLE ARE ORIGINAL IMAGES BY "ARCHITALKTURAL" AND ARE COPYRIGHTED.

DESIGN THAT LISTENS TO NATURE: Climate Responsive and Bio-Climatic Approaches in Sustainable Architecture

 

Gando School, Africa

In a world increasingly impacted by climate change, architects and designers are rediscovering a fundamental principle: the best buildings are those that harmonize with nature. Climate-responsive and bio-climatic design are more than just trendy architectural terms; they are crucial strategies for creating sustainable, comfortable, and energy-efficient spaces that complement the environment rather than oppose it. But what do these concepts really mean, and why are they important in today's world? Let's explore.

OBJECTIVE

In my quest to reach out to the non-technical community for the purpose of awareness on the advocacy behind environmental cause, I would like to emphasize on the importance of the design focusing on the human needs as the priority among all the factors. We need to understand that the response of our design to the nature is just secondary. The main objective is that we respond to the nature in order to meet the needs of the occupants. Let me take this opportunity to thank all of you as you continue reading my blogs, rest assured that the uniqueness of the discussions are based on my acquired education, work experiences, and additional research work to validate authenticity.

What is Climate Responsive or Bio-Climatic Design?

Climate-responsive or bio-climatic design embodies the art of crafting buildings that harmonize with the local climate and environmental conditions. Rather than relying solely on mechanical systems to regulate heat, cold, wind, or rain, these innovative design approaches weave together thoughtful planning, natural elements, and passive techniques to create spaces that are not only naturally comfortable but also remarkably energy-efficient. While some experts draw subtle distinctions between the two terms—viewing "climate-responsive design" as a broader strategy and "bio-climatic design" as a celebration of the synergy between a building and its natural surroundings—most people use them interchangeably. Ultimately, both terms beautifully describe architecture that is attuned to its environment, creating a captivating and sustainable synergy.

Why It Matters in Sustainable Architecture

Buildings that respect their environment offer multiple benefits, making them a cornerstone of sustainable architecture:

✔ Reduced Energy Consumption: By using natural light, ventilation, and insulation, the need for artificial heating, cooling, and lighting drops significantly.

✔ Enhanced Comfort: Occupants enjoy more consistent indoor temperatures, fresh air, and better living conditions.

✔ Lower Carbon Footprint: Less energy use means fewer greenhouse gas emissions, helping to fight climate change.

✔ Respect for Resources: Local materials and designs that suit the climate minimize waste and promote resource efficiency.

Ultimately, climate responsive design is not just about saving energy — it's about creating buildings that are healthier for both people and the planet.

Principles and Strategies of Climate Responsive Design

Here are some of the key ways architects apply these principles:

1. Site and Orientation

A building's position can make all the difference. By carefully orienting the structure to maximize natural light and capture cooling breezes, architects can reduce reliance on artificial systems.

2. Building Form and Layout

The shape and layout of a building matter. For example, compact, well-insulated forms are ideal for colder regions, while open, airy layouts suit warmer climates.

3. Material Selection

Choosing the right materials is crucial. Local, climate-appropriate materials not only reduce environmental impact but often perform better in the given conditions.

In designing and building the Gando Primary School in Africa, Pritzker Price awardee, Architect Francis Kéré’s innovative solution was to use local materials and traditional building techniques to create a school that was not only functional but also sustainable and environmentally friendly.

4. Shading and Sun Control

Overhangs, louvers, pergolas, and even vegetation can be used to block harsh sunlight while still allowing for daylight and ventilation.

5. Natural Ventilation

Designing windows, vents, and openings to encourage cross-ventilation helps maintain indoor air quality and reduce the need for air conditioning.

6. Thermal Mass and Insulation

Using materials like stone, brick, or concrete that absorb and slowly release heat helps stabilize indoor temperatures throughout the day.

7. Rainwater Harvesting and Passive Cooling

Simple techniques like collecting rainwater or incorporating reflective surfaces can help cool buildings and reduce water consumption. Check out our video below:

Climate Zones and Design Responses

Different climates require different design solutions. Here's a quick look at how architecture adapts:

Tropical / Hot-Humid Climates

• Lightweight materials

• Wide overhangs and shaded verandas

• Elevated structures for airflow

Hot-Arid Climates

• Thick walls and small windows to block heat

• Internal courtyards for cooling

• Light-colored exteriors to reflect sunlight

Temperate Climates

• Flexible designs for seasonal changes

• Good insulation and controlled sun exposure

Cold Climates

• Compact building forms to retain heat

• South-facing windows (in the Northern Hemisphere) for passive solar gain

• High insulation levels

Real-World Examples

Climate responsive design isn’t new — it has been practiced for centuries. Think of:

• Traditional Filipino Bahay Kubo: Raised floors, large windows, and thatched roofs keep the house cool in the tropical heat.

• Middle Eastern Courtyard Homes: Thick walls and shaded courtyards offer relief in hot-arid climates.

• Modern Eco-Resorts and Passive Houses: Contemporary projects that blend traditional wisdom with modern technology to minimize energy use and environmental impact.

Bio-Climatic Design and Modern Technology

Today’s architects don’t have to rely on tradition alone. Smart technologies complement bio-climatic design by enhancing performance:

• Solar panels provide renewable energy.

• Smart windows adjust shading automatically.

• Sensors optimize ventilation and lighting.

The magic happens when modern innovation meets nature-inspired design.

Challenges and Considerations

Of course, climate responsive design isn’t without its challenges:

• Some sites have physical or legal limitations.

• Budget constraints may affect material choices.

• Success depends on integrating these principles early in the design process.

• Public awareness and education still need to catch up.

But the long-term benefits — for both the environment and building occupants — far outweigh these hurdles.

FINAL THOUGHTS

Let’s Build with Nature, Not Against It

In the face of pressing environmental challenges, our approach to design and construction must undergo a transformative evolution. Embracing climate-responsive and bioclimatic design opens the door to architecture that transcends mere sustainability—crafting timeless buildings that beautifully harmonize with the land, honor our precious natural resources, and cultivate healthier spaces for all. Now is the moment to create structures that are attuned to the rhythms of nature. When architecture collaborates with the climate, we all thrive.

Interested in learning more about sustainable architecture? Stay tuned for more blogs on design that makes a difference.

Ar J CASTANEDA

Architect, Sustainable Architecture

Link in account for architectural works.

Linktree account for artworks.

PHOTO ATTRIBUTION

GANDO PRIMARY SCHOOL in Africa

By Helge Fahrnberger / www.helge.at - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6446608

Bahay Kubo photo is original by Architalktural

Other photos are courtesy of Pexel.com

DIRTY KITCHEN, IS THERE SUCH A THING? redefining architectural functions

 

A “dirty kitchen” is, as the name suggests, a kitchen that is left dirty or untidy most of the time. Now, this is not to say that food made in a “dirty kitchen” is dirty. This simply implies that the time-consuming and occasionally intricate operations involved in food preparation and cooking are carried out in a dirty kitchen.

A SECOND KITCHEN

Since they are referred regarded as second kitchens, dirty kitchens resemble sub-kitchens. Almost all of the houses, flats, properties, and condominiums people live in, as well as workplaces, are equipped with a primary kitchen. There aren't necessarily sub-kitchens in every large kitchen, though. Larger kitchen appliances that cannot be concealed in the main kitchen are typically housed there. In this sense, it is seen as a place to store cooking utensils that are rarely used; as a result, dirty kitchens promote cleanliness in the main kitchens.

A LITTLE HISTORY

The concept of a dirty kitchen or an ancillary workspace for the kitchen is certainly not new. In the 19th century, affluent Western residences frequently had butler's pantries, as they were known then, where silverware, china, serving ware, and other kitchen supplies were kept. Some Western culture calls it a Prep Kitchen or pantry.

WESTERN CONCEPT

Prep kitchens, often referred to as prep pantries, are extra rooms that are linked to the main kitchen and are used just for preparing meals. Prep kitchens are used to store food much like conventional pantries, but they also sometimes have a lot of counter space, shelves, and occasionally even equipment like dishwashers, stoves, coffee makers, microwaves, and other portables.

Prep kitchens are becoming more and more common in today's society. Although it does need a property with some extra room, this contemporary alternative to a butler's pantry is no longer only for the wealthy; it is now a preferred option for homeowners of all income levels who frequently party or simply want to keep their kitchens clutter-free.

ASIAN CONCEPT

In most Asian countries, dirty kitchens may be isolated from or next to the main home for purposes like fire safety, keeping the smoke and fuel smell out, and keeping charcoal dust and oil dirt out. In our family, we prefer to cook fish or anything similar outside the house in order to avoid foul odors from crawling into the interiors of the house.

The working tables in rural variants of the dirty kitchen are sometimes built of recycled materials, and clay ovens and burners are powered by firewood. That makes this concept somewhat connect to the subject related to sustainable living, which I plan to discuss more deeply in one of our future blog posts. So, it would be of great advantage to take avail of our free subscription to be always updated with our latest blogs.

EXTENDED KITCHEN CONCEPTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Since Filipinos are known for having sizable groups of family and friends at their homes, straightforward outdoor dirty kitchen concepts in the Philippines are likely to be suggested. The grilling apparatus, sometimes referred to as the "ihaw-ihaw," is the most widely used type of dirty kitchen among Filipinos. It is customary to set aside a sizable lot in front of or behind the home in order to host events or accommodate visitors.

The main idea is to set aside some time to think about the features you want your second kitchen to include. A grilling zone, a minibar or tea/coffee station with a snack corner, a storage space, or perhaps a combination of two or all of these characteristics, might be added to the dirty kitchen working area per se. You may now start the process of arranging your present kitchen if you have decided to create the second kitchen of your dreams. It's time to concentrate on the second kitchen as soon as you've finished arranging your primary kitchen and planning your ideal new dirty kitchen.

GRILLING ZONE: It's a great idea to use your extra space as a grilling area. Despite the development of gas and electric stoves, cooking with charcoal is still popular in the Philippines, especially on special occasions. The fact that oil and gas prices are now rising as a result of global events is another piece of information that may be helpful in making this decision. Consequently, occasionally cooking with charcoal might result in significant financial savings. In addition, grilled food is frequently seen as healthier than fried meals.

BARISTA STATION: Because you have a grilling area, you may want to add a minibar. If you prefer beer or tequila over coffee, a tiny bar could be perfect for you. The following reasons make an outdoor dirty kitchen converted into a mini bar the perfect setting for you and your guests: first, it is right outside your house, which is very convenient because you do not need to go inside the house and create a mess; second, the drinks and snacks are right beside you, inside the dirty kitchen; and third, you can be as relaxed as you want because staying at home is more comfortable than going out for a drink.

EXTRA STORAGE: It is a simple and wise decision to turn your messy kitchen into more storage space. An additional room would be quite helpful in a kitchen that has a lot of culinary utensils, some of which are overly large and others of which are only used sometimes or on special occasions. Therefore, having a second storage space is beneficial for keeping groceries, ingredients, condiments, and spices, especially if you frequently purchase in large quantities. On top of that, if you have kids running about the kitchen while you are preparing meals by slicing and mincing items, using dirty kitchens as extra storage areas may be extremely useful as room separators.

FINAL THOUGHTS

Because a popular proverb holds that "the route to a man's heart is through his stomach," kitchens are often referred to as the "heart of the home." Therefore, we always want to keep the main kitchen clean and tidy at all times. Dirty kitchens are appealing to people who party regularly in modern times because they keep the "mess" out of the main kitchen.

Anyone who hosts frequently understands that, regardless of what you do, visitors will eventually gather in the kitchen at some time, even in homes with closed-off floor plans. After all, the kitchen is the heart of the house! Therefore, having a dedicated area where you can conveniently prepare food and beverages while keeping the kitchen tidy is a desirable alternative.

Joey Castaneda

Architect

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