PRESERVING CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE (PART 2)

 

Intramuros, Manila

Heritage Restoration and Sustainability: The Eventual Integration Process

In recent years, the convergence of heritage restoration and sustainability has garnered significant attention in the field of architecture. As the world confronts the impacts of climate change, the architecture industry has had to rethink its approaches to building and preservation. Sustainable design now encompasses not only the reduction of environmental harm but also the preservation of cultural heritage and the promotion of social sustainability. The integration of heritage restoration and sustainable architecture is a dynamic and evolving process that fosters not only environmental responsibility but also cultural and economic development. In this blog, we will explore how heritage restoration has become a cornerstone of sustainable architecture, emphasizing its environmental, cultural, and economic benefits. We will also discuss the ongoing process of integrating these efforts, particularly in the context of the Philippines.

OBJECTIVE

As I mentioned, the subject matter is quite broad and so I plan to address it in different sections, creating a series out of it. In Part1, I provided definition of the subject and provided some examples. In this episode (Part 2), I will discuss how architectural heritage restoration has become integrated with sustainability. This process is remarkable because it connects two different eras - the past and the future - joined by time and nature itself. So, I encourage you to stay seated and buckle up as we embark on an adventurous journey. Are you ready to be Earth heroes?

THE HISTORY AND BENEFITS RESULTING FROM THE INTEGRATION

1. How Heritage Restoration Became Part of Sustainable Architecture

Global Trends: Sustainability Beyond the Environment

In recent decades, sustainability has transformed into a multifaceted concept that extends beyond environmental issues to include cultural and social dimensions. This evolution is particularly evident in architecture, where our treatment of heritage buildings and sites has shifted dramatically. While the initial focus on sustainability emphasized reducing carbon emissions and minimizing resource consumption, we now recognize that preserving historical structures is equally vital. These buildings embody distinct cultural values and narratives, and their conservation not only protects our past but also will enrich the next generation’s experiences, allowing them to appreciate the artistry, design, and craftsmanship inherent in these irreplaceable landmarks.

The Adaptive Reuse Movement

One of the most impactful trends in sustainable architecture is adaptive reuse - the art of transforming old buildings for new purposes. Rather than tearing down structures and starting anew, adaptive reuse allows architects to honor the existing framework while modernizing interiors to meet contemporary demands. This innovative approach not only conserves our valuable resources by reducing the need for raw materials, but it also significantly cuts down on construction waste from demolition. A striking example of this practice is the revival of the Rizal Memorial Colliseum. After so many years, this landmark was carefully restored to its dignified form, preserving its historical and architectural value while reimagining it as an inspiring athletic venue for today's spectators. By embracing adaptive reuse, we can breathe new life into our cities, celebrate our heritage, and forge a more sustainable future.

Rizal Memorial Coliseum, Manila

Reduction of Construction Waste and Embodied Energy Savings

Restoring heritage buildings not only preserves our cultural history but also leads to significant reductions in construction waste and embodied energy—the total energy consumed throughout the lifecycle of building materials. The manufacturing of new construction materials is highly energy-intensive, contributing to harmful carbon emissions. By repurposing existing structures, architects can substantially lower these emissions, making heritage restoration not just a viable option, but an environmentally responsible choice. In the Philippines, where rapid urbanization is a pressing issue, embracing sustainable construction practices is essential for a greener future.

The Philippine Context: Laws and Local Efforts

In the Philippines, the preservation of our cultural heritage is not just an option, but a responsibility supported by crucial laws and initiatives. The National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 emphasizes the need to protect significant cultural properties that define our national identity. The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) are at the forefront of promoting these conservation efforts. Local ordinances further bolster these initiatives, ensuring that the historical value of iconic buildings is not only recognized but actively preserved. A prime example of this commitment is the restoration of the Metropolitan Theater, made possible through collaborative public and private partnerships, showcasing how heritage conservation can enhance sustainable urban development while enriching our cultural landscape.

The Metropolitan Theater, Manila

2. The Role of Architectural Heritage Restoration and its Benefits in Sustainability

Environmental Benefits

Embracing heritage restoration is not only a matter of preserving our history; it brings remarkable environmental benefits that we cannot overlook. By reusing existing buildings, we significantly reduce the demand for new materials, leading to a decrease in energy consumption and lower carbon emissions linked to their production and transportation. Moreover, many older buildings, especially in tropical regions like the Philippines, were designed for passive cooling and ventilation, offering sustainable advantages. Traditional Filipino homes are a prime example, featuring open spaces, large windows, and high ceilings that promote airflow and greatly reduce the need for energy-intensive air conditioning. By restoring and adapting these time-honored designs for contemporary living, we can effectively lessen the environmental footprint of modern architecture, making heritage restoration not just a choice, but a responsible path forward.

Cultural Benefits

Heritage restoration is not merely an environmental initiative; it is a vital act of cultural preservation. In today’s rapidly globalizing world, preserving local architectural traditions is crucial for safeguarding our unique cultural identities. Restoring heritage buildings empowers communities to celebrate their historical narratives, fostering pride and reminding us of the values that shaped our societies. Moreover, these buildings serve as powerful educational tools, inspiring future generations to appreciate their history, craftsmanship, and architectural legacy. By investing in heritage restoration, we invest in our collective future.

Economic Benefits

The economic benefits of heritage restoration are undeniable and deserve our attention. Revitalizing heritage buildings not only attracts tourists but also generates jobs and strengthens community pride. These historical landmarks often transform into popular tourist destinations, boosting revenue for local businesses and fostering regional growth. Moreover, in many cases, restoring existing structures proves to be more cost-effective than demolishing and constructing new ones. For cities like Manila, rich in historical sites, embracing heritage restoration is not just a smart economic choice; it’s a sustainable path towards preserving our culture and enhancing urban development. One of the best example is the Intramuros which is probably the largest heritage district in the City. (Please see the cover page of this blog).

FINAL THOUGHTS

The integration of heritage restoration into the sustainability movement is not just beneficial; it's essential for a thriving future that honors our past. By repurposing existing buildings, we significantly reduce waste, lower carbon emissions, and safeguard architectural gems for generations to come. In the Philippines, where heritage profoundly shapes local identity, this movement fosters a strong sense of national pride and a shared collective memory. As we tackle the urgent challenges of climate change and rapid urbanization, embracing heritage restoration within sustainable architecture emerges as a vital solution—one where the past and future beautifully intertwine, paving the way for a more sustainable, culturally vibrant world.

Ar J CASTANEDA

Architect, Sustainable Architecture

Link in account for architectural works.

Linktree account for artworks.

PHOTO ATTRIBUTIONS:

Rizal Memorial Coliseum

patrickroque01, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rizal_Memorial_Coliseum_(Malate,_Manila;_11-23-2019).jpg

The Metropolitan Theater

Juan M. Arellano, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manila_Metropolitan_Theaterjwilz.jpg

Intramuros, Manila

Ray in Manila, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intramuros,_Manila,_Philippines.jpg

THE THREE CONSTANT THEMES IN SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

The EDGE, Amsterdam

Sustainable architecture is not merely a technical practice; it is a vital cultural, environmental, and civic commitment that shapes our world. Across centuries and continents, three powerful themes—Tradition, Technology, and Urbanism—have guided our efforts to build responsibly and harmoniously with our environment. These themes are intricately connected, each enhancing the others and evolving in tandem. Let’s delve into each theme and explore inspiring examples that vividly demonstrate the potential of sustainable design to create a brighter future for all.

OBJECTIVE

In my older blogs, I keep mentioning my work experiences and accomplishments sometime in the late 80s to early 90s when I was unaware of the subject “sustainability” or “sustainable architecture” yet, because at that time, discussions or any integration with the educational sector about this subject had not emerged yet. I have done projects where I was tasked to find solutions on how to reduce carbon emissions in our company’s boiler facility and create cleaner smoke coming out from the exhaust chimney. Another project I was tasked to manage is the tallow fat collection system to prevent it from accumulating in the sewage pipes. I was also involved in the maintenance of a wastewater treatment plant, which I believe has something to do with sustainability. These are projects and assignments where I have spent so much time doing extensive research work, however, I cannot remember coming across the word “sustainability” included in the research materials. Well, maybe there were some discussions, but perhaps on different terminologies.

This blog is based partially on my work experiences and partially on the education I acquired on the subject of sustainable architecture. Aside from the two previous topics I posted, I believe this would be another vital information to add to your knowledge, if you are serious about learning the subject matter. If in case you have not done so, I would highly recommend that you read the previous blogs first so you can easily understand this topic. Here are the links:

THE THREE PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND THEIR ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

THE SCALES OF SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

The Three Common Themes in Sustainable Architecture

1. Tradition

Tradition in architecture embodies the timeless wisdom of generations past, focusing on the vital relationship between design and the environment. Before the advent of modern construction methods, communities cultivated site-specific strategies to thrive in their unique climates. From the ingenious wind catchers of Persian architecture to the sturdy adobe walls of desert dwellings, traditional designs arose not only as aesthetic choices but as essential responses to the surrounding natural conditions. They provided comfort, efficiency, and a profound sense of belonging. These vernacular techniques reflect an inherent sustainability, relying primarily on passive systems such as ventilation, thermal mass, shading, and orientation rather than energy-intensive mechanical solutions. In this sense, traditional architecture serves as an inspiring blueprint for low-impact living, showcasing how buildings can harmonize with the environment rather than disrupt it.

Hassan Fathy’s New Gourna Village in Egypt

Consider the example of Hassan Fathy’s New Gourna Village in Egypt. In the 1940s, Fathy championed this revival of tradition by employing local materials like mud brick (adobe), as well as designs that include domed roofs and courtyards, all tailored to the desert's harsh climate. His mission was clear: to create dignified and sustainable housing for the underprivileged by utilizing local resources and labor. Fathy’s work stands as a powerful testament to the potential of sustainable design, proving that architecture can be both culturally enriching and environmentally sound.

2. Technology

While tradition offers valuable lessons from the past, technology propels us toward a more sustainable future. The hallmark of human progress, especially in architecture, is our unique ability to utilize tools and systems to reshape our environment. Sustainable architecture embodies this advancement, employing innovative materials, digital modeling, and energy-efficient systems to reduce environmental impact and enhance building performance. It's crucial to recognize that technology doesn't oppose tradition; it builds on it. Effective design seamlessly integrates modern innovations with time-honored practices. For instance, dynamic shading systems echo the passive cooling techniques of traditional screens, while green roofs revive the cooling advantages of earth-covered homes through modern engineering solutions. The essence lies in achieving a harmonious balance: using technology not as a replacement for thoughtful design but as a catalyst for improvement. Our innovations must focus on ecological objectives, prioritizing energy efficiency, renewable resources, carbon footprint reduction, and long-term sustainability.

The EDGE, Amsterdam

**Example: The Edge Building, Amsterdam** Lauded as one of the greenest office buildings globally, The Edge exemplifies how advanced technology can significantly lower energy consumption and elevate occupant comfort. Its intelligent systems adapt lighting and climate based on real-time occupancy, solar panels generate surplus energy, and rainwater is collected for reuse. This building stands as a testament to the powerful synergy between digital advancements and environmental stewardship, paving the way for truly sustainable architectural practices.

3. Urbanism

Architecture thrives within a larger urban framework; it does not exist in isolation. As cities become the primary living environment for most of the global population, sustainable architecture must extend beyond individual building designs and engage with the interconnected systems that form our urban spaces. Urbanism compels us to reconsider essential aspects like infrastructure, mobility, density, land use, and social equity. The vitality of sustainability is largely determined by how effectively we design our cities. Thoughtful urban planning enhances walkability, promotes efficient public transport, creates ample green spaces, manages water resources wisely, and supports mixed-use developments—all of which significantly influence both a building's environmental impact and its social contribution. Additionally, civic engagement and robust policy frameworks are pivotal in crafting sustainable urban landscapes. Architects and planners must actively participate in and advocate for systems that nurture sustainable living, ensuring that communities can thrive in harmony with our planet.

Vauban District, Frieburg, Germany

**Example: Vauban District, Freiburg, Germany** Vauban stands as a pioneering demonstration of sustainable urbanism. Built on a former military base, this car-light neighborhood boasts solar-powered homes, abundant green areas, and a planning process centered on community involvement. With its focus on high-density housing, integrated public transport, and energy-efficient building practices, Vauban offers a compelling example of how intentional urban design can foster a low-carbon future while enhancing residents' quality of life.

FINAL THOUGHTS

Sustainable architecture relies on the powerful interplay of tradition, technology, and urbanism. Tradition grounds us in our ecological heritage, reminding us of our responsibility to the environment; technology empowers us with innovative solutions that can meet modern challenges; and urbanism connects our efforts within the intricate web of society. By harmonizing these three elements—and drawing inspiration from successful global examples—we can create built environments that not only sustain life but also enrich our communities and enhance our quality of life.

Ar. J CASTANEDA

Architect, Sustainable Architecture

Link in account for architectural works.

Linktree account for artworks.

Photo attributions:

Hassan Fathy’s New Gourna Village in Egypt (RBSCL, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons)

The Edge, Amsterdam (MrAronymous, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons)

Vauban, Freiburg (Andreas Schwarzkopf, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons)