EXPLORING THE BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING

A green building transcends the simple act of painting its facade in vibrant shades of green by decorating balconies and verandas with ornamental plants. It embodies a deeper commitment to sustainability. True green buildings are designed with a host of innovative features, including water conservation systems, energy efficiency optimization, natural resource preservation, abundant natural lighting, thermal comfort, climate responsiveness, minimized waste generation, and healthier environments for occupants. These elements are not just considerations; they are the hallmarks of thoughtful design that sustainable architects expertly integrate into their vision.

OBJECTIVE

The primary purpose of this blog article is to answer the critical question, “Why green buildings?” To effectively convey this message, I will highlight the numerous benefits that occupants experience when green buildings fulfill their essential roles. With the broad spectrum of advantages that green buildings offer, I faced a challenge in deciding how best to present the information. After considering my options, I recognized that both methods provide unique insights, inspiring me to adopt a dual approach. The first method outlines the benefits through the scales of a sustainable built environment, while the second method focuses on the pillars of sustainability. Both approaches are intricately linked to my previous blog posts, which include:

THE SCALES OF SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

THE THREE PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND THEIR ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

I encourage you to read these articles first, as they will provide valuable context and enhance your comprehension of the points discussed in this blog.

WHAT IS A GREEN BUILDING?

Wikipedia defines Green Building as follows: “Green building (also known as green construction, sustainable building, or eco-friendly building) refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the contractor, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building also refers to saving resources to the maximum extent, including energy saving, land saving, water saving, material saving, etc., during the whole life cycle of the building, protecting the environment and reducing pollution, providing people with healthy, comfortable and efficient use of space, and being in harmony with nature. Buildings that live in harmony; green building technology focuses on low consumption, high efficiency, economy, environmental protection, integration and optimization.”

PER Section 6 of the Philippine Green Building Code: “Green building is the practice of adopting measures that promote resource management efficiency and site sustainability while minimizing the negative impact of buildings on human health and the environment. This practice complements the conventional building design concerns of economy, durability, serviceability and comfort.”

THE BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING

FIRST INSIGHT

THE BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING THROUGH SCALES OF SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Green building isn't just a trend—it's a practical, forward-thinking solution to many of the environmental and economic challenges we face today. Whether you're a homeowner, developer, or policymaker, understanding the multi-scale benefits of green buildings can help guide smarter decisions for both people and the planet.

GREEN BUILDING BENEFITS

INDIVIDUAL BENEFITS

(Building, Site, Neighborhood & City Levels)

1. Energy and Water Savings

Green buildings use energy-efficient systems and water-saving technologies, such as LEDlighting, low-flow fixtures, and smart thermostats. These innovations reduce utility costs for occupants while lessening strain on city infrastructure. When implemented on a wider scale, they can even stabilize regional energy demand.

💡 Example: The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) reports that LEED-certified buildings use 25% less energy and 11% less water on average.
Source: USGBC LEED Impact Report

2. Reduced Maintenance

Green buildings are constructed with durability and longevity in mind. High-quality, sustainable materials resist wear and tear, while landscaping with native plants reduces the need for watering and mowing. This translates into less upkeep, lower long-term costs, and increased occupant satisfaction.

💡 Sustainable materials often have lifespans 2–3 times longer than conventional options.

3. Improved Air Quality

Indoor air quality is vastly improved through green practices like non-toxic finishes, HEPA filtration, and better ventilation. Cleaner air promotes better sleep, fewer respiratory issues, and increased productivity for building occupants.

💡 The EPA estimates that indoor air can be 2–5 times more polluted than outdoor air.
Source: EPA Indoor Air Quality

A healthy indoor plant-filled space

REGIONAL BENEFITS

1. Stormwater Retention

By incorporating green roofs, rain gardens, and permeable pavement, green buildings manage stormwater where it falls. This reduces flooding risks, prevents sewage overflows, and keeps local waterways cleaner.

💡 Green roofs can retain up to 80% of rainwater during storms.
Source: EPA Green Infrastructure

Green Roof

2. Waste Management – Materials Recycled and Reused

Sustainable buildings minimize construction waste by recycling demolition materials and sourcing reused content. This reduces landfill use and supports circular economies in the region.

💡 Construction and demolition waste makes up nearly 40% of landfill materials in the U.S.
Source: EPA Construction Waste

GLOBAL BENEFITS

1. Forest Protection

Green buildings reduce pressure on forests by using FSC-certified wood and alternative materials like bamboo or reclaimed timber. These choices help preserve biodiversity and the planet’s carbon-storing ecosystems.

💡 Sustainable wood certification ensures forests are managed to maintain their biodiversity, productivity, and ecological processes.
Source: Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)

2. Stemming Climate Change

Green buildings play a key role in reducing global carbon emissions. Efficient energy use, reduced resource extraction, and renewable integration cut a building’s lifetime environmental impact significantly.

💡 Buildings are responsible for nearly 40% of global CO₂ emissions.
Source: UN Environment Programme

SECOND INSIGHT

THE BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING THROUGH THE THREE PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY

Green building is more than just an architectural trend — it’s a practical solution to address climate change, economic efficiency, and community well-being. Rooted in the three pillars of sustainability — environmental, economic, and social — green construction helps create structures that are not only better for the planet but also for people and the economy.

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

Green buildings reduce environmental impact by focusing on conservation, waste reduction, and ecosystem health.

1. Enhance and Protect Biodiversity and Ecosystems

Sustainable site design preserves green space and native habitats. Features like green roofs and rain gardens also support urban biodiversity.

2. Improve Air and Water Quality

Using low-VOC materials and efficient HVAC systems improves indoor air quality. Water-saving fixtures and natural filtration systems help keep local waterways clean.

3. Reduce Waste Streams

Green construction encourages recycling and reusing materials, dramatically cutting down on landfill waste — during both construction and occupancy.

4. Conserve and Restore Natural Resources

How green buildings conserve resources: Sustainable material sourcing, energy efficiency, and renewable materials (like bamboo flooring or recycled steel) help minimize resource depletion.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS

Green buildings aren’t just good for the planet — they’re also a smart financial investment.

1. Reduce Operating Costs

Energy-efficient lighting, HVAC systems, and water-saving fixtures can lead to significant cost savings over time.

2. Create and Expand Green Markets

Green construction fuels the demand for eco-friendly products, supporting innovation and job growth in sustainable industries.

3. Improve Occupant Productivity

Better air quality, natural light, and thermal comfort enhance employee performance and reduce absenteeism.

4. Optimize Life-Cycle Economic Performance

Durable materials and efficient systems lower maintenance and replacement costs across the building’s lifespan.

SOCIAL BENEFITS

The impact of green buildings goes beyond the walls—they improve quality of life.

1. Enhance Occupant Comfort and Health

Healthier indoor environments reduce the risk of illness and increase well-being — especially important in homes, offices, and schools.

2. Heighten Aesthetic Qualities

Natural lighting, open spaces, and biophilic design make green buildings visually inspiring and emotionally satisfying.

3. Minimize Strain on Local Infrastructure

Water-efficient and energy-independent buildings lighten the load on public utilities and reduce the need for costly upgrades.

4. Improve Overall Quality of Life

From cleaner air and safer materials to vibrant green spaces, sustainable buildings make communities healthier and more resilient.

FINAL THOUGHTS

Green buildings offer more than just aesthetic appeal—they are a tangible way to reduce costs, improve health, and protect the environment across all scales of society. Whether you're building, renovating, or simply advocating for better development policies, choosing sustainable solutions makes a lasting difference. By embracing green building principles, we’re not just constructing better buildings — we’re building a better future. Whether you're a homeowner, developer, or city planner, considering sustainability in every phase of building design can deliver long-term benefits for everyone.

Transform your projects into something truly valuable and impactful. Therefore, enlisting the expertise of a professional is highly recommended. Elevate your architectural journey by collaborating with a sustainable architect who can bring your vision of a green building to life, ensuring it harmonizes beautifully with both the environment and the well-being of its inhabitants.

JOEY CASTANEDA

Sustainable Architect

Link in account for architectural works.

Linktree account for artworks.

Keywords: green building benefits, sustainable construction, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, social sustainability, eco-friendly buildings

Further Reading and Resources

• U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)

• EPA Green Building

• World Green Building Council

Photo attributions:

1. Green Roof System and Healthy Plant-filled Space photos courtesy of Pixabay.com

2. Green Building Benefits Diagram (Swayam Lecture Presentation) while taking a course.

3. Cover Photo - AI-generated artwork by the author.

Citation: 

Definition of Green Building by Wikipedia.com

Definition of Green Building taken from "The Philippine Green Building Code"

THE THREE CONSTANT THEMES IN SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

The EDGE, Amsterdam

Sustainable architecture is not merely a technical practice; it is a vital cultural, environmental, and civic commitment that shapes our world. Across centuries and continents, three powerful themes—Tradition, Technology, and Urbanism—have guided our efforts to build responsibly and harmoniously with our environment. These themes are intricately connected, each enhancing the others and evolving in tandem. Let’s delve into each theme and explore inspiring examples that vividly demonstrate the potential of sustainable design to create a brighter future for all.

OBJECTIVE

In my older blogs, I keep mentioning my work experiences and accomplishments sometime in the late 80s to early 90s when I was unaware of the subject “sustainability” or “sustainable architecture” yet, because at that time, discussions or any integration with the educational sector about this subject had not emerged yet. I have done projects where I was tasked to find solutions on how to reduce carbon emissions in our company’s boiler facility and create cleaner smoke coming out from the exhaust chimney. Another project I was tasked to manage is the tallow fat collection system to prevent it from accumulating in the sewage pipes. I was also involved in the maintenance of a wastewater treatment plant, which I believe has something to do with sustainability. These are projects and assignments where I have spent so much time doing extensive research work, however, I cannot remember coming across the word “sustainability” included in the research materials. Well, maybe there were some discussions, but perhaps on different terminologies.

This article is based partially on my work experiences and partially on the education I acquired on the subject of sustainable architecture. Aside from the two previous topics I posted, I believe this would be another vital information to add to your knowledge, if you are serious about learning the subject matter. If in case you have not done so, I would highly recommend that you read the previous articles first so you can easily understand this topic. Here are the links:

THE THREE PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND THEIR ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

THE SCALES OF SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

The Three Common Themes in Sustainable Architecture

1. Tradition

Tradition in architecture embodies the timeless wisdom of generations past, focusing on the vital relationship between design and the environment. Before the advent of modern construction methods, communities cultivated site-specific strategies to thrive in their unique climates. From the ingenious wind catchers of Persian architecture to the sturdy adobe walls of desert dwellings, traditional designs arose not only as aesthetic choices but as essential responses to the surrounding natural conditions. They provided comfort, efficiency, and a profound sense of belonging. These vernacular techniques reflect an inherent sustainability, relying primarily on passive systems such as ventilation, thermal mass, shading, and orientation rather than energy-intensive mechanical solutions. In this sense, traditional architecture serves as an inspiring blueprint for low-impact living, showcasing how buildings can harmonize with the environment rather than disrupt it.

Hassan Fathy’s New Gourna Village in Egypt

Consider the example of Hassan Fathy’s New Gourna Village in Egypt. In the 1940s, Fathy championed this revival of tradition by employing local materials like mud brick (adobe), as well as designs that include domed roofs and courtyards, all tailored to the desert's harsh climate. His mission was clear: to create dignified and sustainable housing for the underprivileged by utilizing local resources and labor. Fathy’s work stands as a powerful testament to the potential of sustainable design, proving that architecture can be both culturally enriching and environmentally sound.

2. Technology

While tradition offers valuable lessons from the past, technology propels us toward a more sustainable future. The hallmark of human progress, especially in architecture, is our unique ability to utilize tools and systems to reshape our environment. Sustainable architecture embodies this advancement, employing innovative materials, digital modeling, and energy-efficient systems to reduce environmental impact and enhance building performance. It's crucial to recognize that technology doesn't oppose tradition; it builds on it. Effective design seamlessly integrates modern innovations with time-honored practices. For instance, dynamic shading systems echo the passive cooling techniques of traditional screens, while green roofs revive the cooling advantages of earth-covered homes through modern engineering solutions. The essence lies in achieving a harmonious balance: using technology not as a replacement for thoughtful design but as a catalyst for improvement. Our innovations must focus on ecological objectives, prioritizing energy efficiency, renewable resources, carbon footprint reduction, and long-term sustainability.

The EDGE, Amsterdam

**Example: The Edge Building, Amsterdam** Lauded as one of the greenest office buildings globally, The Edge exemplifies how advanced technology can significantly lower energy consumption and elevate occupant comfort. Its intelligent systems adapt lighting and climate based on real-time occupancy, solar panels generate surplus energy, and rainwater is collected for reuse. This building stands as a testament to the powerful synergy between digital advancements and environmental stewardship, paving the way for truly sustainable architectural practices.

3. Urbanism

Architecture thrives within a larger urban framework; it does not exist in isolation. As cities become the primary living environment for most of the global population, sustainable architecture must extend beyond individual building designs and engage with the interconnected systems that form our urban spaces. Urbanism compels us to reconsider essential aspects like infrastructure, mobility, density, land use, and social equity. The vitality of sustainability is largely determined by how effectively we design our cities. Thoughtful urban planning enhances walkability, promotes efficient public transport, creates ample green spaces, manages water resources wisely, and supports mixed-use developments—all of which significantly influence both a building's environmental impact and its social contribution. Additionally, civic engagement and robust policy frameworks are pivotal in crafting sustainable urban landscapes. Architects and planners must actively participate in and advocate for systems that nurture sustainable living, ensuring that communities can thrive in harmony with our planet.

Vauban District, Frieburg, Germany

**Example: Vauban District, Freiburg, Germany** Vauban stands as a pioneering demonstration of sustainable urbanism. Built on a former military base, this car-light neighborhood boasts solar-powered homes, abundant green areas, and a planning process centered on community involvement. With its focus on high-density housing, integrated public transport, and energy-efficient building practices, Vauban offers a compelling example of how intentional urban design can foster a low-carbon future while enhancing residents' quality of life.

FINAL THOUGHTS

Sustainable architecture relies on the powerful interplay of tradition, technology, and urbanism. Tradition grounds us in our ecological heritage, reminding us of our responsibility to the environment; technology empowers us with innovative solutions that can meet modern challenges; and urbanism connects our efforts within the intricate web of society. By harmonizing these three elements—and drawing inspiration from successful global examples—we can create built environments that not only sustain life but also enrich our communities and enhance our quality of life.

JOEY CASTANEDA

Sustainable Architect

Link in account for architectural works.

Linktree account for artworks.

Photo attributions:

Hassan Fathy’s New Gourna Village in Egypt (RBSCL, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons)

The Edge, Amsterdam (MrAronymous, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons)

Vauban, Freiburg (Andreas Schwarzkopf, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons)

THE THREE PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND THEIR ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

Bullitt Center, Seattle

Sustainability has become a crucial challenge and aspiration for today’s society, particularly in architecture and urban design. At its heart, sustainability means addressing the needs of the present while ensuring that future generations can also thrive. This vital principle is underpinned by the "Three Pillars of Sustainability": environmental, social, and economic aspects. Embracing and weaving together these three dimensions is essential for fostering resilient, responsible, and progressive architectural practices that will shape a better future for all.

DIAGRAM 1:  Three Pillars of Sustainability

THE THREE PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY (GENERAL OVERVIEW)

1. Environmental Sustainability (Ecological)

Environmental sustainability involves the preservation and responsible management of our natural ecosystems and resources. We must recognize the importance of minimizing our impact on the planet by actively reducing pollution, conserving biodiversity, and using resources wisely. By doing so, we can ensure that our natural environments continue to thrive and provide the vital ecosystem services that all life depends on. Adopting practices such as promoting renewable energy, cutting greenhouse gas emissions, protecting our natural habitats, and focusing on waste reduction can make a significant difference. Embracing environmental sustainability is not just an option; it is essential for securing the long-term health and future of our planet for generations to come.

2. Social Sustainability

Social sustainability is vital for ensuring the well-being of both current and future generations. It embodies essential values such as equity, inclusion, health, safety, and community development. A truly socially sustainable society guarantees access to vital services, strengthens social bonds, and empowers individuals and communities to flourish. Recognizing the integral role of social systems in overall sustainability, we must advocate for fair policies, respect for diverse cultures, and inclusive governance. By championing practices like inclusive urban planning, fair labor standards, accessible healthcare and education, and the celebration of cultural diversity, we lay the foundation for a thriving society that benefits everyone.

3. Economic Sustainability

Economic sustainability is essential for ensuring that our economic systems can thrive over the long term while effectively managing resources. It strikes a crucial balance between financial viability and the well-being of our environment and society. By fostering an economically sustainable society, we embrace innovation, enhance efficiency, and build resilience, all while steering clear of practices that jeopardize our financial future or exhaust our natural resources. Effective strategies, such as adopting sustainable business models, creating circular economies, and investing in green technologies, will pave the way for a prosperous future. By prioritizing economic sustainability, we can guarantee that our development not only endures but also uplifts both ecological health and human dignity for generations to come.

III. The Three Pillars in Sustainable Architecture

1. Environmental Sustainability in Architecture

Environmental sustainability in architecture is not just a trend; it’s a necessity for our planet’s future. Designing buildings that minimize ecological footprints and foster a connection with nature is crucial. By carefully selecting sustainable materials and employing energy-efficient technologies, architects can create spaces that harmonize with the environment. Incorporating passive design strategies, such as natural ventilation, daylighting, and thermal mass, further enhances a building’s performance. By adding renewable energy systems, green roofs, rainwater harvesting, and innovative waste management solutions, architects can ensure their projects are truly sustainable. The Bullitt Center in Seattle (Please see cover photo) stands as a striking example of this commitment, often hailed as the "greenest commercial building in the world," showcasing systems that achieve net-zero energy, water, and waste. Embracing these design principles will lead us to a more sustainable and thriving future.

2. Social Sustainability in Architecture

Social sustainability in architecture is essential for creating spaces that not only serve their functions but also enrich our communities. By designing environments that are accessible to everyone, regardless of age, ability, or background, we can foster a sense of belonging and connection. Emphasizing communal spaces encourages social interactions, while prioritizing health and safety ensures the well-being of all users. Projects like Maggie's Centres in the UK showcase the power of socially sustainable architecture, providing compassionate environments for cancer care that uplift patients through thoughtful, human-centered design. These centers harness the benefits of natural light, open spaces, and supportive environments, transforming the experience of care into one that promotes healing and hope.

Maggie's Centre, Carring Cross, London

Roof Garden of Maggie's Centre, London

3. Economic Sustainability in Architecture

Economic sustainability in architecture is crucial for creating buildings that not only meet our needs today but also remain cost-effective over their entire life cycle. By considering factors such as initial construction costs alongside long-term operational expenses, maintenance, and adaptability, we can ensure a smart investment. Key strategies include utilizing durable, low-maintenance materials, designing for energy efficiency, and adopting modular or prefabricated construction methods to significantly reduce waste and costs. A shining example is the BedZED (Beddington Zero Energy Development) in London, which showcases the power of energy-saving materials and renewable energy sources in a design that minimizes environmental impact while ensuring economic feasibility. Embracing these principles is essential for a sustainable future in architecture.

BedZED, London

FINAL THOUGHTS

The three pillars of sustainability—environmental, social, and economic—are intricately linked and crucial to the success of sustainable architecture. For architecture professionals and students alike, embracing these principles in every phase of design and construction is not just an obligation; it's an exciting opportunity. By committing to a holistic approach that harmonizes these pillars, architects can lead the charge in creating built environments that are not only functional and visually stunning but also fair, resilient, and sustainable for generations yet to come. Let's shape a better future together!

Joey Castaneda

Sustainable Architect

Link in account for architectural works.

Linktree account for artworks.

Recommended references for your further studies:

• World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Our Common Future (The Brundtland Report).

• The Bullitt Center. (https://bullittcenter.org/)

• Maggie's Centres. (https://www.maggies.org/)

• Bioregional & BedZED. (https://www.bioregional.com/bedzed)

• United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. (https://sdgs.un.org/goals)

Photo Attributions:

Venn Diagram of the 3 Sustainability Pillars: Andrew, Sunray, based on "File:Sustainable development.svg" by Johann Dréo, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Maggie’s Centre: David Hawgood / Maggie's Centre London at Charing Cross Hospital

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maggie%27s_Centre,_Charing_Cross,_London.jpg

Maggie’s Centre: David Hawgood / Roof garden of Maggie's Centre London

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roof_garden_of_Maggie%27s_Centre_London.jpg

BedZED: Tom Chance, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BedZED_2007.jpg

THE SCALES OF SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

 

Vauban, Freiburg, GERMANY

There are lots of factors that should be considered in applying the principles of sustainability in the architectural design of a building or a complex development. One of the fundamental factors is that of the scales involved in a sustainable built environment. Without understanding such scales and their impact and interaction with each other, it would be very difficult for us, sustainable architects and designers, to proceed with the proper design of a green building.

OBJECTIVE

For an easy understanding of the audience I am trying to reach out to from all walks of life, such as students, professionals, to homeowners/clients alike, I have compiled information I personally gathered from my work experiences, training, and extensive research. The Sustainable Architecture Certification course I have attended provided just three basic scales (building, site, and region), but I kind of diversified and tried to expand it into five instead, which I believe would help my readers in the proper understanding of the details needed in this subject.

To start it up, the basic scales of the sustainable built environment are the following:

1. Building;

2. Site;

3. Neighborhood;

4. City; and

5. Region

FIGURE 1 -A simple diagram of the basic scales of the sustainable built environment

All of these are deeply interconnected. Decisions made at one scale inevitably influence the others, and sustainable strategies are most effective when they are aligned and integrated across scales. Here’s how they interact:

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1. Building Scale

The scope involved in this particular scale includes materials, energy systems, water use, indoor environment quality. This is how they impact the other scales:

• A building's energy efficiency affects citywide energy demand – utilizing renewable energy systems such as solar panels and energy efficient household appliances may help the city to cope up and avoid shortage of energy supply;

• Green roofs or rainwater harvesting system – reduces stormwater loads at the site and neighborhood scale. To learn more, please see one of my blog regarding a complete guide for rainwater harvesting system. Link as follows: https://architalktural.blogspot.com/2025/02/rainwater-harvesting-system-complete.html

• Material choices affect regional supply chains and waste systems – this is the reason why most of the well-known sustainable architects, such as Hassan Fathy, who uses locally sourced building materials; Le Corbusier, who uses panels; both of whom use less to no energy on transportation.

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2. Site Scale

In this scale, the scope includes landscape, topography, drainage, microclimate, transportation access, etc. I recently have been involved in the site analysis of a farmland in the southern part of Luzon, Philippines and I believe I could use this as a good example.

DISCLAIMER: The information provided below are covered by the laws governing the fair use policy in general. I prefer not to disclose the name of the project, its location and the stakeholders’ personal information to protect privacy. The excerpts are for educational purposes only to supplement the blog and not intended as professional advice.

Our findings during our ocular site inspection are stated in an excerpt of the submitted Site Analysis Report as follows:

Purpose of Inspection
General Site Conditions
Observations and Findings

The purpose of this ocular site inspection is to assess the condition of the property’s site condition such as the accessibility, physical locations of existing vegetation, structures, actual ground terrain, hills, plain and slanting grounds, bodies of water, etc.; verification of coordinates to create satellite photo analysis; all of which to help the planning team find appropriate locations for each facilities and create a functional site development plan. The inspection was also conducted in order to identify any areas requiring immediate attention or remediation and determine appropriate project scheduling.

Accessibility: Site is currently accessible from the road with no major obstacles or restrictions.

Surrounding Environment: Surrounding neighborhood seems to be manageable.

Earthwork: Even though the lot area is multi-level with sloping terrains and some hilly areas, the area is generally plain with very minimal to no requirement for slope protection. The high altitude of the location is assessed to be risk-free from other hazards such as flooding, sea level rise, erosion, landslide,  or liquefaction.

Utilities: The presence of the existing structures along the road provides assurance that electricity, water supply, and plumbing items are available in the area.

Safety Hazards: Currently, no potential safety issues have been identified.

Security Hazards: The property requires proper fencing with a gate prior to or during the construction stage.

Code Violations: Compliance with local regulations or building codes is  yet to be determined.

Environmental Concerns: No environmental issues yet, such as water drainage, waste disposal, environmental contamination, etc. However, since animal farming is the main activity to be conducted, the planning team will determine these issues during the planning stage.

Overall, the site is in stable condition, with a few minor issues requiring attention in the short term, such as immediate construction of fencing and a gate, together with some scattered minor site clearing. This has to be done while the planning team is working on the technical matters of the project. Currently, no major structural or safety concerns have been identified yet, but it is recommended that the above suggestions be made to ensure the site remains functional and favorable while the planning stage is being conducted.

Other site scale’s Interaction with other scales of sustainable built environment:

• Site design (like permeable surfaces) - contributes to neighborhood flood resilience.

• Solar orientation and landscaping - can boost building performance.

• Transportation links - tie into citywide mobility networks.

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3. Neighborhood Scale

The scope at this scale includes land use, population density, mobility, shared infrastructure, social connectivity, etc. With regards to the land use, there are certain laws that govern this subject in the Philippines. You can check this out in one of my blogs entitled “List of Laws Essential to the Practice of Architecture in the Philippines”. Here is the link: https://architalktural.blogspot.com/2024/02/list-of-laws-essential-to-practice-of.html . Other factors could be determined through research or ocular inspections.

Here are some additional information from the Sustainable Architecture course I attended online through Alison, the following advantages of sustainable neighborhood are enumerated:

1. Design on a human scale;

2. Provide choices;

3. Encourage mixed-use development;

4. Vary transportation options;

5. Build vibrant spaces;

6. Create identity; and

7. Conserve landscapes.

Other site scale’s Interaction with other scales of sustainable built environment:

• Walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods - reduce regional car dependency.

• Shared energy or waste systems - benefit building sustainability.

• Local green spaces - support site and building health outcomes.

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4. City Scale

The scope at this scale includes infrastructure systems (energy, transport, waste), zoning, housing policy, economic planning. Such information can be obtained by visiting the city’s main office or city hall. Usually the building official’s office have everything you will need while conducting planning for your projects.

Other site scale’s interaction and impact with other scales of sustainable built environment:

• Urban policy - drives neighborhood design standards and building codes.

• Citywide transit investments - impact site selection and building accessibility.

• Data from buildings (smart meters, sensors) - can inform city energy policy.

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5. Regional Scale

The largest scale is the regional scale which includes watersheds, ecosystems, climate zones, transportation corridors, resource management. From the Sustainable Architecture course I attended, the following similar scope items are enumerated as follows:

1. Climatic conditions;

2. Topography/terrain;

3. Vegetation;

4. Water Resources;

5. Land as a resource; and

6. Connectivity

Such information required whenever planning is conducted for building or complex projects can be obtained from regional offices or some city halls. However, if available, some of these can be obtained online through the region’s website.

• Interaction:

• Regional climate - dictates building design strategies (e.g., passive cooling).

• Watershed protection policies - influence site drainage and neighborhood planning.

• Regional transit - affects city form and neighborhood structure.

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Here is a holistic example of an ongoing scenario where certain environmental policies are being implemented in a city as a whole, which affects all scales of the sustainable built environment:

A city enforces green building codes → Buildings adopt solar panels → Local energy demand shifts → City upgrades its grid → Regional emissions decrease → Better air quality improves public health at all scales.

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The Edge, Amsterdam

Bullitt Center, Seattle

FINAL THOUGHTS:

Sustainable architecture is a subset of sustainable development. Architecture is a social and economic exercise that leads to environmental impact and in turn is affected by it, and so it has to respond to all these in a balanced manner. The primary principle is to understand the sustainable built environment as a system that comprises various scales. Therefore it is imperative that all sustainable architects must learn these scales and their impacts first before proceeding with the planning and design of green buildings.

JOEY CASTANEDA

Sustainable Architect

Link in account for architectural works.

Linktree account for artworks.

Photos, diagram and table attribution:

The Edge, Amsterdam (MrAronymous, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons)

Bullitt Center, Seattle (Joe Mabel, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons)

Vauban, Freiburg (Andreas Schwarzkopf, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons)

Figure 1 - uploaded by Bernhard Pucher on Researchgate website (https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Three-scales-of-NBS-implementation-in-the-built-environment-green-building-materials_fig1_337737446)

Table 1: Sustainable Built Environment: Practices by Scale (AI info, ChatGPT)