SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PROCESS MADE TO LAST – Making Things Right

 

Creating enduring architecture goes beyond just aesthetic appeal; it emphasizes the design of spaces that are efficient, durable, and environmentally responsible. The "Design Process Made to Last" is a systematic approach that harmonizes creativity, purpose, and sustainability. This approach ensures that the built environment contributes positively to our legacy.

OBJECTIVE

In my observation, the architectural curriculum during my generation is more focused on aesthetics and architectural styles, which was derived mainly from the historical aspect of design. There was a tandem of principles (Form and Function) that was even the subject of debates instead of integrating them into a common goal. The rest of the curriculum were based on the technical aspect. And so I started with my career applying those principles, until I was assigned to work in industrial facilities dealing with building utilities where I learned about finding sustainable solutions to keep the building occupants comfortable and satisfied. From there I developed a design process that I tend to practice privately, and it lasted for almost throughout my architectural career with lasting results. My objective in this article is to share it with anyone who may find it valuable. Although, I suggest trying it out for a certain period first, to see its effectiveness before deciding to embrace it. This process is somehow very flexible and I don’t remember that it created any conflict with the management policies wherever I worked for. In fact, it was one of the main reasons companies wanted to retain me and offered me certain incentives. They appreciated the responsible approach it brought to my work, which always focused on sustainable solutions in the design process. Below is a step-by-step description of the procedure I want to share with you.

AN EFFECTIVE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PROCESS:

1. Define Your Project Goals

Every effective design begins with clarity. Start by defining your project's core objectives, which include function, budget, style, and timeline. In today’s world, a durable design also requires an understanding of its environmental impact. Will it reduce energy consumption? Enhance occupant well-being? Promote long-term cost savings? Incorporating sustainability goals at this initial stage sets the groundwork for smarter, greener choices in the future.

2. Consider Design Options

Once goals are established, brainstorm and evaluate different design directions. This stage encourages creativity, but it must be grounded in context. Consider various strategies that align with local climate, building codes, community needs, and environmental performance. For green buildings, this includes exploring options like natural lighting, passive ventilation, rainwater collection, and low-carbon materials. Utilize tools such as life cycle assessments (LCAs) or energy models to forecast the environmental impact of each option.

3. Develop Design Schemes

At this stage, initial ideas are transformed into concrete plans. These refined conceptual designs illustrate space layouts, forms, material selections, and system integrations. Taking a sustainable approach involves using eco-friendly materials, enhancing energy efficiency, and designing for adaptability. It's important to test design schemes for thermal performance, daylight access, and airflow, all while integrating nature and technology to create a resilient design solution.

4. Make Things Right

This phase is where sustainability truly comes to life. “Make things right” is more than just fixing mistakes, it's about aligning your design with ethical, environmental, and future-ready principles.

What it means in a green building context:

• Right Materials: Choose materials that are locally sourced, non-toxic, recyclable, and low in embodied carbon. Think bamboo, recycled steel, or FSC-certified wood.

• Right Systems: Design mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems that reduce resource consumption. Install solar panels, low-flow plumbing fixtures, and energy-efficient HVAC systems.

• Right Strategies: Incorporate green strategies like biophilic design (connecting people with nature), green roofs, rain gardens, and water reuse systems. Use passive solar design to maximize energy savings.

• Right Behavior: Encourage sustainability through user-friendly, intuitive design. Clear signage for waste sorting, operable windows for natural ventilation, and visible green features create awareness and foster long-term sustainable habits.

This is the stage where architects collaborate with sustainability consultants, engineers, and even end-users to ensure that the design performs not just today, but over decades. Certifications like LEED, BERDE (Philippines), or WELL can guide the process and act as benchmarks for success.

5. Finalize Your Design Concept

With all aspects aligned - goals, options, and sustainability features, it’s now time to combine the best elements into a final, cohesive design. This design should not only function well on paper but also excel in real-world applications. At this stage, creating detailed drawings and models will help prepare for construction, ensuring that your vision is both practical and environmentally friendly.

FINAL THOUGHTS

“Making things right” means designing with intention, where beauty meets responsibility, and function meets the future. Designing long lasting green buildings requires a process that transcends trends. However, even with aesthetics in mind, by embedding sustainability into each step, especially when it's time to "make things right", we create architecture that serves people, protects the planet, and enriches the future.

Ar J CASTANEDA

Architect, Sustainable Architecture

Link in account for architectural works.

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REFERENCE DISCLAIMER:

Article contents are all based on the combination of the author's education and work experiences. The author as a professional architect made a diversification to the standard procedures he was performing at work, applied it and found effective and brought success throughout his entire career. He is sharing this as an example and not a standard procedure. 

Photo Attributions:

All photos courtesy of Pixabay.com

SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE DESIGN, exploring its role in Green Building

 

In an era when climate change and environmental degradation loom as urgent global challenges, the field of landscape design within architecture has undergone a remarkable transformation. It has evolved beyond the mere creation of beautiful outdoor spaces, becoming a vital force in championing sustainability, minimizing environmental impact, and navigating the complexities of a changing climate. This article delves into how these critical issues shape modern landscape architecture, showcasing inspiring examples from around the world that illuminate the path toward a greener future.

OBJECTIVE:

I believe that green architecture extends far beyond the realm of green buildings; it embraces the art of landscape design as well. This vital aspect of green architecture introduces features like lush green roofs and vibrant vertical gardens into urban environments, effectively reducing energy demands while alleviating the heat island effect. In a world increasingly shaped by sustainability, environmental consciousness, and the pressing realities of climate change, landscape design has evolved from simple beautification into an essential mechanism for climate adaptation, biodiversity enhancement, and regenerative urbanism. The goal of this article is to deepen your understanding of landscape design and its significance. Viewed through the lens of sustainable architecture, landscape design becomes a dynamic, living infrastructure that harmoniously benefits both people and the planet, fostering a more sustainable and vibrant future for all.

The Role of Sustainability in Landscape Design

Sustainability in landscape design focuses on creating environments that work with nature rather than against it. Designers today aim to:

• Reduce resource consumption through the use of native, drought-tolerant, and climate-adapted plants that require minimal water and maintenance.

• Support biodiversity by restoring habitats, using pollinator-friendly species, and creating green corridors for wildlife.

• Promote soil health and regeneration by minimizing grading, retaining existing vegetation where possible, and incorporating organic mulches and compost.

Sustainable landscape design also integrates renewable energy and water-saving technologies — think solar-powered lighting, rainwater harvesting systems, and permeable pavements that recharge groundwater.

Responding to Climate Change: Resilience and Adaptation

Climate change has brought about more frequent floods, heatwaves, and unpredictable weather patterns. Landscape architects are responding by designing spaces that:

• Mitigate flooding through natural drainage solutions like bioswales, rain gardens, and wetlands restoration.

• Cool urban areas with shade-providing trees, green roofs, and reflective paving materials that help combat the urban heat island effect.

• Anticipate shifting climate zones by choosing plant species that are adaptable to changing temperature and rainfall patterns.

These resilient landscapes not only protect buildings and communities but also provide essential ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and air purification.

Minimizing Environmental Impact Through Thoughtful Design

The environmental impact of landscape construction and maintenance is under greater scrutiny. As a result, designers are making conscious choices to:

• Use locally sourced, low-carbon, and recycled materials for hardscape elements like pathways, walls, and decking.

• Reduce the carbon footprint of construction by minimizing site disturbance and machinery use.

• Design with long-term ecological health in mind, creating spaces that age gracefully and require minimal inputs over time.

Sustainably designed landscapes are part of a circular economy approach — they aim to regenerate, not deplete, natural resources.

Case Studies: Exemplary Sustainable Landscape Designs

Here are some outstanding examples where landscape design addresses sustainability, climate resilience, and environmental stewardship:

The High Line, New York, USA

• The High Line, New York, USA
  A linear park built on a former elevated rail line, the High Line features native plantings, permeable surfaces, and adaptive reuse of industrial materials. It provides green space in a dense urban setting while supporting biodiversity.

Gardens by the Bay, Singapore

• Gardens by the Bay, Singapore
  An iconic example of blending technology with nature, this landscape uses massive “Supertrees” that collect rainwater, generate solar power, and act as vertical gardens. The design also integrates cooled conservatories that minimize energy use.

• Hunter’s Point South Waterfront Park, New York, USA
  Designed for flood resilience, this park features salt-tolerant plants, elevated walkways, and a resilient edge to buffer storm surges — all while providing community recreational spaces.

• Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, London, UK
  Redeveloped from industrial land, this park incorporates wetlands, meadows, and woodlands that enhance biodiversity, manage stormwater, and provide a lasting legacy of the 2012 Olympic Games.

Barangaroo Reserve, Sydney, Australia

• Barangaroo Reserve, Sydney, Australia
  A former container terminal transformed into a headland park that restores native vegetation, protects against sea level rise, and reconnects the city with its natural shoreline.

FINAL THOUGHTS

In a world grappling with climate change and environmental challenges, landscape design has become an essential force for cultivating vibrant, resilient, and sustainable communities. By harmoniously merging ecological principles with artistic vision, landscape architects are crafting spaces that are not only breathtakingly beautiful but also fundamentally safeguarding the health of our planet for generations to come.

Ar J CASTANEDA

Architect, Sustainable Architecture

Link in account for architectural works.

Linktree account for artworks.

PHOTO ATTRIBUTIONS:

The High Line, New York, USA

Ron Cogswell from Arlington, Virginia, USA, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Gardens by the Bay, Singapore

<ahref="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Supertree_Grove,_Gardens_by_the_Bay,_Singapore1.jpg">Mustang Joe</a>, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

Dietmar Rabich / Wikimedia Commons / “Singapore (SG), Gardens By The Bay -- 2019 -- 4468” / CC BY-SA 4.0For print products: Dietmar Rabich / https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singapore_(SG),_Gardens_By_The_Bay_--_2019_--_4468.jpg / https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Barangaroo Reserve, Sydney, Australia

Rob Deutscher, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES: Building Responsibly from the Ground Up

In the rapidly changing field of architecture, sustainability has evolved from a mere buzzword into a significant responsibility. Sustainable construction practices are the cornerstone of green architecture, seeking not only to minimize environmental impact but also to foster social and economic equity throughout the building process. In this article, we delve into the essential sustainable construction practices, thoughtfully categorized into three pivotal stages: Pre-construction, Construction, and Workforce Facilities. Together, these stages illuminate the path toward a more sustainable future in the field of architecture.

OBJECTIVE

I am not quite convinced that when it comes to the term “construction,” it’s time for the non-techies to leave the conference room. I believe that, the more they should be involved simply for awareness purposes when it comes to construction site safety, wearing PPEs, learning the signs and danger zones, not to mention the environmental impact. As usual, I am sharing information based on my education and work experiences. I remember decades ago, I was assigned as the site safety officer while working on a project somewhere in Southeast Asia. I just thought that somehow, it would help me encourage techies and non-techies to be mindful not only in terms of sustainability and safety, or dust and noise, but also waste management, all of which are very crucial in the construction field. If we work hand-in-hand, we will be able to reach the zero-accident and zero-waste goal and create a safe and healthy, sustainable environment on-site.

1. Pre-construction: Laying a Responsible Foundation

Sustainability begins before the first brick is laid. Proper planning and thoughtful site preparation are crucial to minimizing ecological disruption.

- Preparation of Construction Management Plan

A Construction Management Plan (CMP) is the blueprint for executing sustainable practices on site. It outlines methods to minimize environmental impact, optimize resource use, and ensure workers’ welfare.

A well-developed CMP addresses aspects such as:

• Material delivery and storage strategies

• Traffic and logistics to reduce neighborhood disruption

• Noise and dust control procedures

• Waste segregation and disposal plans

• Emergency protocols for unforeseen events

By formalizing sustainability goals within the CMP, construction teams can ensure consistent and measurable implementation of its principles and policies throughout the project.

- Site Barricading

Securing the construction site first and foremost with appropriate barricades helps control access and protect the surrounding environment. Barricades prevent unintentional damage to adjacent natural features and reduce dust dispersion. For instance, fencing around preserved trees and water bodies ensures that they remain untouched during the entire construction phase.

- Topsoil Preservation

Topsoil is very rich in organic matter and nutrients essential for vegetation. Rather than discarding it, sustainable construction mandates careful removal, storage, and reuse for landscaping or garden areas post-construction. However, they can even be used temporarily during the construction period for the workers and families to produce on-site for their own consumption. This practice not only saves resources but also helps restore ecological balance.

- Protecting Existing Site Features and Trees

Wherever possible, existing site features such as old trees, natural rock formations, or streams should be preserved. Redesigning layouts to accommodate nature or creating protective zones around trees to prevent root damage is a good professional practice. Preserving these elements maintains biodiversity and adds aesthetic and environmental value to the final structure.

2. During Construction: Minimizing Impact in Real Time

The construction phase has the highest potential for environmental disruption. However, with the right strategies, its impact can be significantly mitigated.

- Dust Suppression Measures

Construction activities generate airborne dust, which can harm respiratory health and damage nearby vegetation. Regularly sprinkling water on access roads, installing dust nets, and limiting the movement of uncovered materials are effective ways to control dust levels.

- Noise Control

Prolonged construction noise affects nearby communities and wildlife. Using low-noise machinery, scheduling noisy operations during daytime hours, and installing acoustic barriers can drastically reduce this impact. Secure proper PPE for the noise protection of workers.

- Material Movement and Management

Efficient handling of construction materials may reduce emissions, wastage, and unnecessary costs. Using local and prefabricated materials minimizes transportation, thus regulating carbon footprints. Organizing centralized storage areas ensures materials are handled fewer times and less space is disturbed.

- Stormwater Management

Rainfall runoff from construction sites can carry pollutants into local waterways. Temporary measures like sediment traps, retention ponds, and permeable surfaces help manage stormwater and prevent erosion and water pollution.

- Construction Waste Management

Instead of sending waste to landfills, sustainable construction promotes on-site segregation and recycling. Separate bins for wood, metal, concrete, and plastics, along with partnerships with recycling facilities, ensure responsible disposal and reuse.

- Disaster Risk Mitigation

Sites should be prepared for natural or accidental disasters. Elevated storage, secured scaffolding, and clearly outlined evacuation and response plans safeguard both workers and materials from unpredictable events like floods, earthquakes, or fires.

3. Facilities for Construction Workforce: Supporting the Human Element

True sustainability extends beyond the environment to the people involved. Ensuring the health, safety, and dignity of the construction workforce is an ethical obligation.

- Healthy Conditions for the Construction Workforce

Workers deserve a clean, hygienic, and well-ventilated environment. Providing drinking water stations, shade for breaks, and regular health check-ups ensures their well-being during demanding workdays.

- Safety Measures During Construction

Strict adherence to safety protocols can save lives. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), safety training, visible signage, and regular inspections reduce accident risks significantly.

- Provision of Basic Amenities

Basic facilities such as clean toilets, rest areas, and handwashing stations are essential for maintaining hygiene and morale on-site. These amenities reflect respect and dignity for the workforce.

- Health and Education for Workers’ Children

Social sustainability includes caring for workers' families. On-site children’s daycare centers, tie-ups with local schools, and community health centers for children’s needs, to ensure that the workforce can focus on their jobs without compromising their families’ needs.

FINAL THOUGHTS: Building for the Future

Sustainable construction practices transcend mere carbon footprint reduction; they are about nurturing vibrant communities, safeguarding precious ecosystems, and championing equity. By weaving these principles into every phase of construction, we pave the way for a future where architecture beautifully coexists with both people and the planet. For architects, builders, and passionate advocates of sustainable development, remember that every mindful choice made on-site is a step toward leaving a lasting legacy of responsible and inspiring construction. Together, we can create a world where our buildings reflect our commitment to a greener, more equitable future.

Ar. JOEY CASTANEDA

Sustainable Architecture

Link in account for architectural works.

Linktree account for artworks.

Photo attributions:

All photos courtesy of https://pixabay.com

BUILDING IN HARMONY WITH EARTH: How Green Buildings Consider the Ground on Site

When considering green buildings, many of us are inclined toward cutting-edge features like solar panels and smart HVAC systems. Yet, one of the most critical aspects of sustainable architecture is the relationship between our structures and the Earth itself. From the nourishing soil beneath our feet to the carefully chosen materials we utilize and the waste we produce, every element of sustainable construction aims to significantly reduce our ecological footprint. This article delves into how eco-conscious building practices not only prioritize this vital connection with our planet but also strive for excellence by adhering to esteemed certifications like LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method). By meeting such high environmental standards, we can create buildings that are not only efficient but also harmonious with the Earth.

OBJECTIVE

This is the last of the five crucial environmental aspects I have yet to address. We began with fire, where I discussed solar panel systems; then moved on to water, guided you with rainwater harvesting systems; followed by space, where I highlighted the benefits of natural lighting; and air, focusing on enhancing indoor environmental quality(IEQ). In this article, we turn our attention to Earth, which is generally as vital as the others. However, in my own personal opinion, I would give more credit to this one since this is where we get most of the building materials that actually provide strength to our structures. Moreover, here is where we actually anchor our structure that protects lives during times of disaster. So I guess, one of my favorite bands, "Earth, Wind, and Fire," knows about this as well (just kidding aside).

This article aims to inspire awareness and foster advocacy among all stakeholders involved in creating truly sustainable projects, including architects, construction professionals, clients, and students. Together, we can make a significant impact on the planet where we build our green buildings and strive towards a sustainable future.

HOW GREEN BUILDINGS CAREFULLY TREAT THE EARTH AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT:

1. Site: Choosing Land Responsibly

The environmental impact of a building begins with its location. Embracing sustainable development means choosing sites that have already been disturbed or developed, such as brownfields or abandoned urban lots, instead of encroaching upon untouched land and thriving ecosystems. Additionally, selecting a location that is seamlessly connected to public transportation, pedestrian pathways, and essential services not only enhances accessibility but also significantly reduces our reliance on cars, fostering a more sustainable and vibrant community.

Green Certification Tie-in: LEED awards points for building on previously developed land, near existing infrastructure, and for minimizing site disturbance.

Example: The Bullitt Center in Seattle is built on an urban infill site, designed for net-zero energy and optimized for sunlight and transit access.

2. Soil: Protecting the Foundation of Life

Soil is an invaluable resource that often goes unappreciated in the construction industry. It not only stores carbon but also nurtures vibrant plant life and filters our precious water supply. Embracing green building practices, we can safeguard this essential element by preventing erosion, avoiding soil compaction, and protecting topsoil during excavation. Effective techniques such as installing sediment control fencing, covering exposed areas, and employing phased construction planning can truly make a difference, allowing us to honor and preserve the richness of our soil for future generations.

Green Certification Tie-in: LEED encourages erosion and sedimentation control through its Sustainable Sites category.

Example: The Center for Sustainable Landscapes in Pittsburgh used protective geotextiles and staged grading to minimize disruption to the site's original soil profile.

The Center for Sustainable Landscapes in Pittsburgh

3. Vegetation: Preserving and Restoring Green Cover

Vegetation is not merely a decorative touch; it is an essential environmental treasure. Sustainable building projects prioritize the preservation of mature trees and embrace native plants that thrive with minimal water and upkeep. Elements like green roofs and living walls serve not only to insulate buildings but also to capture rainwater and enrich our ecosystems. Together, they create vibrant spaces that foster biodiversity and connect us to the natural world.

Green Certification Tie-in: LEED awards credits for protecting or restoring habitats and maximizing open space.

Case Study: Bosco Verticale in Milan integrates more than 900 trees and 20,000 plants into its vertical façade, reducing smog and supporting urban biodiversity.

Bosco Verticale in Milan 

4. Materials: Sourcing from the Earth Responsibly

Sustainable buildings embody a commitment to thoughtful material choices, embracing options that are locally sourced, recyclable, or rapidly renewable. Envision materials like elegant bamboo, FSC-certified wood, resilient recycled steel, and natural straw bales, all of which contribute to a greener future. By prioritizing materials with low embodied energy, we not only enhance the beauty of our spaces but also significantly reduce carbon emissions throughout the building's lifecycle, paving the way for a more sustainable world.

Grange Porcher, a former weaving mill,
Le Curetet, Nivolas-Vermelle, Isère. Rammed earth wall.

Rammed Earth:

Rammed earth is a time-tested, sustainable material made by compacting layers of damp earth into a solid wall. It offers natural insulation, durability, and a unique aesthetic. Because it often uses soil from the site, it greatly reduces transportation-related emissions. Rammed earth also supports passive solar design by regulating interior temperatures due to its high thermal mass.

Green Certification Tie-in: LEED credits materials that are regional, recycled, and low-emitting.

Example: Grange Porcher (See photo above), a former weaving mill, Le Curetet, Nivolas-Vermelle, Isère used rammed earth wall.

5. Construction Waste: Reducing What Goes to Landfills

Construction activities generate a staggering amount of waste, contributing up to 30% of all landfill content. However, green building initiatives champion the cause of sustainability by prioritizing waste reduction through innovative recycling methods, the reuse of materials, and the incorporation of prefabricated components. By thoughtfully planning for waste management from the outset of a project, we can significantly lower costs while safeguarding our environment for future generations. Embracing this approach not only enhances the appeal of our projects but also reflects a profound commitment to responsible construction practices.

Green Certification Tie-in: LEED’s Materials and Resources category rewards construction waste management plans and high diversion rates.

Example: The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission building diverted more than 80% of its construction waste from landfills by implementing rigorous recycling practices.

The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission building

The building features an innovative wing structure, which contains several wind turbines to generate 8-10% of the electricity needed by the building. The wind analysis for this was conducted by Case Van Dam and Bruce White of the College of Engineering at UC Davis.

Source: Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/)

6. Operational Waste: Managing Waste During Occupancy

The environmental impact of a building continues to resonate long after construction is complete. Green buildings are thoughtfully designed with innovative systems that effectively separate recyclables, compostables, and landfill waste, fostering a culture of sustainability. Many of these remarkable structures proudly display educational signage, guiding occupants toward adopting eco-friendly habits. Furthermore, some projects harness the power of smart technology to monitor waste generation in real time, offering valuable insights for continuous improvement. By embedding these practices, we can create spaces that not only benefit the environment but also inspire a collective commitment to a greener future.

Green Certification Tie-in: LEED encourages design strategies and infrastructure for effective waste management throughout the life of the building.

Case Study: Dockside Green in Victoria, Canada, features an integrated waste management plan, including composting, recycling, and greywater treatment systems, keeping its environmental impact to a minimum even during full occupancy.

Biomass energy generator of Dockside Green.

Solar panels, wind turbines, condo sewage plant of Dockside Green.

FINAL THOUGHTS

Building sustainably transcends energy efficiency and carbon offsets; it embodies respect for our planet. As responsible architects, builders, stakeholders, and all concerned, we must give our full respect to the land we build on, the materials we use, and the waste we generate. By integrating Earth-centered principles into site selection, soil preservation, vegetation management, and material choices, we can design buildings that contribute positively to the environment. Renowned global green certifications like LEED, BREEAM, and WELL provide actionable frameworks to guide us in this pursuit. As we forge ahead in constructing our future, let us remain mindful of the ground we occupy—this commitment is vital for achieving a truly sustainable world.

Ar. JOEY CASTANEDA

Sustainable Architecture

Link in account for architectural works.

Linktree account for artworks.

Photo attributions:

Center for Sustainable Landscapes in Pittsburgh <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Center_for_Sustainable_Landscapes,_Phipps_Conservatory,_2015-10-10,_02.jpg">Cbaile19</a>, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

Bosco Verticale in Milan - Chris Barbalis cbarbalis, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bosco_verticale,_Milan,_Italy_(Unsplash).jpg">Chris Barbalis cbarbalis</a>, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

San Francisco Public Utilities Commission building

UC Davis College of Engineering, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Biomass energy generator of Dockside Green

John Newcomb, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Solar panels, wind turbines, condo sewage plant of Dockside Green

John Newcomb, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons