When considering green buildings, many of us are inclined toward cutting-edge features like solar panels and smart HVAC systems. Yet, one of the most critical aspects of sustainable architecture is the relationship between our structures and the Earth itself. From the nourishing soil beneath our feet to the carefully chosen materials we utilize and the waste we produce, every element of sustainable construction aims to significantly reduce our ecological footprint. This article delves into how eco-conscious building practices not only prioritize this vital connection with our planet but also strive for excellence by adhering to esteemed certifications like LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method). By meeting such high environmental standards, we can create buildings that are not only efficient but also harmonious with the Earth.
OBJECTIVE
This is the last of the five crucial environmental aspects I have yet to address. We began with fire, where I discussed solar panel systems; then moved on to water, guided you with rainwater harvesting systems; followed by space, where I highlighted the benefits of natural lighting; and air, focusing on enhancing indoor environmental quality(IEQ). In this article, we turn our attention to Earth, which is generally as vital as the others. However, in my own personal opinion, I would give more credit to this one since this is where we get most of the building materials that actually provide strength to our structures. Moreover, here is where we actually anchor our structure that protects lives during times of disaster. So I guess, one of my favorite bands, "Earth, Wind, and Fire," knows about this as well (just kidding aside).
This article aims to inspire awareness and foster advocacy among all stakeholders involved in creating truly sustainable projects, including architects, construction professionals, clients, and students. Together, we can make a significant impact on the planet where we build our green buildings and strive towards a sustainable future.
HOW GREEN BUILDINGS CAREFULLY TREAT THE EARTH AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT:
1. Site: Choosing Land Responsibly
The environmental impact of a building begins with its location. Embracing sustainable development means choosing sites that have already been disturbed or developed, such as brownfields or abandoned urban lots, instead of encroaching upon untouched land and thriving ecosystems. Additionally, selecting a location that is seamlessly connected to public transportation, pedestrian pathways, and essential services not only enhances accessibility but also significantly reduces our reliance on cars, fostering a more sustainable and vibrant community.
Green Certification Tie-in: LEED awards points for building on previously developed land, near existing infrastructure, and for minimizing site disturbance.
Example: The Bullitt Center in Seattle is built on an urban infill site, designed for net-zero energy and optimized for sunlight and transit access.
2. Soil: Protecting the Foundation of Life
Soil is an invaluable resource that often goes unappreciated in the construction industry. It not only stores carbon but also nurtures vibrant plant life and filters our precious water supply. Embracing green building practices, we can safeguard this essential element by preventing erosion, avoiding soil compaction, and protecting topsoil during excavation. Effective techniques such as installing sediment control fencing, covering exposed areas, and employing phased construction planning can truly make a difference, allowing us to honor and preserve the richness of our soil for future generations.
Green Certification Tie-in: LEED encourages erosion and sedimentation control through its Sustainable Sites category.
Example: The Center for Sustainable Landscapes in Pittsburgh used protective geotextiles and staged grading to minimize disruption to the site's original soil profile.
3. Vegetation: Preserving and Restoring Green Cover
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Vegetation is not merely a decorative touch; it is an essential environmental treasure. Sustainable building projects prioritize the preservation of mature trees and embrace native plants that thrive with minimal water and upkeep. Elements like green roofs and living walls serve not only to insulate buildings but also to capture rainwater and enrich our ecosystems. Together, they create vibrant spaces that foster biodiversity and connect us to the natural world.
Green Certification Tie-in: LEED awards credits for protecting or restoring habitats and maximizing open space.
Case Study: Bosco Verticale in Milan integrates more than 900 trees and 20,000 plants into its vertical façade, reducing smog and supporting urban biodiversity.
4. Materials: Sourcing from the Earth Responsibly
Sustainable buildings embody a commitment to thoughtful material choices, embracing options that are locally sourced, recyclable, or rapidly renewable. Envision materials like elegant bamboo, FSC-certified wood, resilient recycled steel, and natural straw bales, all of which contribute to a greener future. By prioritizing materials with low embodied energy, we not only enhance the beauty of our spaces but also significantly reduce carbon emissions throughout the building's lifecycle, paving the way for a more sustainable world.
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Grange Porcher, a former weaving mill, Le Curetet, Nivolas-Vermelle, Isère. Rammed earth wall. |
Rammed Earth:
Rammed earth is a time-tested, sustainable material made by compacting layers of damp earth into a solid wall. It offers natural insulation, durability, and a unique aesthetic. Because it often uses soil from the site, it greatly reduces transportation-related emissions. Rammed earth also supports passive solar design by regulating interior temperatures due to its high thermal mass.
Green Certification Tie-in: LEED credits materials that are regional, recycled, and low-emitting.
Example: Grange Porcher (See photo above), a former weaving mill, Le Curetet, Nivolas-Vermelle, Isère used rammed earth wall.
5. Construction Waste: Reducing What Goes to Landfills
Construction activities generate a staggering amount of waste, contributing up to 30% of all landfill content. However, green building initiatives champion the cause of sustainability by prioritizing waste reduction through innovative recycling methods, the reuse of materials, and the incorporation of prefabricated components. By thoughtfully planning for waste management from the outset of a project, we can significantly lower costs while safeguarding our environment for future generations. Embracing this approach not only enhances the appeal of our projects but also reflects a profound commitment to responsible construction practices.
Green Certification Tie-in: LEED’s Materials and Resources category rewards construction waste management plans and high diversion rates.
Example: The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission building diverted more than 80% of its construction waste from landfills by implementing rigorous recycling practices.
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The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission building |
The building features an innovative wing structure, which contains several wind turbines to generate 8-10% of the electricity needed by the building. The wind analysis for this was conducted by Case Van Dam and Bruce White of the College of Engineering at UC Davis.
Source: Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/)
6. Operational Waste: Managing Waste During Occupancy
The environmental impact of a building continues to resonate long after construction is complete. Green buildings are thoughtfully designed with innovative systems that effectively separate recyclables, compostables, and landfill waste, fostering a culture of sustainability. Many of these remarkable structures proudly display educational signage, guiding occupants toward adopting eco-friendly habits. Furthermore, some projects harness the power of smart technology to monitor waste generation in real time, offering valuable insights for continuous improvement. By embedding these practices, we can create spaces that not only benefit the environment but also inspire a collective commitment to a greener future.
Green Certification Tie-in: LEED encourages design strategies and infrastructure for effective waste management throughout the life of the building.
Case Study: Dockside Green in Victoria, Canada, features an integrated waste management plan, including composting, recycling, and greywater treatment systems, keeping its environmental impact to a minimum even during full occupancy.
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Biomass energy generator of Dockside Green. |
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Solar panels, wind turbines, condo sewage plant of Dockside Green. |
FINAL THOUGHTS
Building sustainably transcends energy efficiency and carbon offsets; it embodies respect for our planet. As responsible architects, builders, stakeholders, and all concerned, we must give our full respect to the land we build on, the materials we use, and the waste we generate. By integrating Earth-centered principles into site selection, soil preservation, vegetation management, and material choices, we can design buildings that contribute positively to the environment. Renowned global green certifications like LEED, BREEAM, and WELL provide actionable frameworks to guide us in this pursuit. As we forge ahead in constructing our future, let us remain mindful of the ground we occupy—this commitment is vital for achieving a truly sustainable world.
JOEY CASTANEDA
Sustainable Architect
Link in account for architectural works.
Photo attributions:
Center for Sustainable Landscapes in Pittsburgh <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Center_for_Sustainable_Landscapes,_Phipps_Conservatory,_2015-10-10,_02.jpg">Cbaile19</a>, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
Bosco Verticale in Milan - Chris Barbalis cbarbalis, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bosco_verticale,_Milan,_Italy_(Unsplash).jpg">Chris Barbalis cbarbalis</a>, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
San Francisco Public Utilities Commission building
UC Davis College of Engineering, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Biomass energy generator of Dockside Green
John Newcomb, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Solar panels, wind turbines, condo sewage plant of Dockside Green
John Newcomb, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons